Galanin Receptor 1 Antibodies

Galanin receptor 1 (GAL₁), encoded by GALR1, is a class A G protein-coupled receptor activated by the endogenous neuropeptide galanin. It couples predominantly to Gi/o, inhibiting adenylyl cyclase and promoting potassium channel activation in some neuronal populations. GAL₁ is expressed in brain regions including the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala, as well as in the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. Its activation generally reduces neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release. Animal studies implicate GAL₁ in the regulation of pain, seizure susceptibility, feeding, and stress-related behavior. Galanin can induce GAL₁ internalization in recombinant cells, although the mechanisms controlling receptor trafficking in native neurons remain incompletely characterized. The synthetic peptide M617 is used as a GAL₁-preferring experimental agonist, with selectivity that depends on the receptor subtype and assay conditions. No GAL₁-selective drug has been reported to enter clinical trials or receive approval for therapeutic use. GAL1 receptor desensitization, β-arrestin recruitment and internalization are regulated by phosphorylation of carboxyl-terminal threonine340 (pT340-GAL1). This nomenclature refers to the human GAL1 receptor. This phosphorylation motif is highly conserved across species but corresponds to pT339-GAL1 and pT337-GAL1 in mice and rats, respectively. For more information on GAL1 pharmacology please refer to the IUPHAR database. For further reading refer to:

Lang R, Gundlach AL, Holmes FE, Hobson SA, Wynick D, Hökfelt T, Kofler B. Physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of galanin peptides and receptors: three decades of emerging diversity. Pharmacol Rev. 2015;67(1):118-75. doi: 10.1124/pr.112.006536. PMID: 25428932.

Gundlach AL, Ryan PJ. Galanin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE. 2019; 2019(4).