Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 Antibodies
FFA2 is predominantly expressed in adipose, inflammatory cells and the GI-tract. Elevation of FFA2 expression was observed in adipose of mice fed a high-fat diet compared that of mice on a low-fat diet suggesting a role in adipogenesis. FFA2 may be involved in the regulation of GI gastrointestinal motility and secretion since the receptor co-localizes with PYY in mucosal epithelium and mast cells. Expression of FFA2 has also been described in mouse pancreas with increased expression in islets from db/db and ob/ob mice. FFA2 is mainly coupled to Gαq. Acetate and propionate are the most potent ligands for the receptor with pentanoate less active. FFA2 receptor desensitization, β-arrestin recruitment and internalization are regulated by phosphorylation of carboxyl-terminal serine296/serine297 (pS296/pS297-FFA2) and threonine306/threonine310 (pT306/pT310-FFA2). This nomenclature refers to the human FFA2 receptor. For more information on FFA2 pharmacology please refer to the IUPHAR database. For further reading refer to:
Stoddart LA, Smith NJ, Milligan G. International Union of Pharmacology. LXXI. Free fatty acid receptors FFA1, -2, and -3: pharmacology and pathophysiological functions. Pharmacol Rev. 2008 Dec;60(4):405-17. doi: 10.1124/pr.108.00802. Epub 2008 Dec 1. PMID: 19047536.
Riddy DM, Delerive P, Summers RJ, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ. G Protein-Coupled Receptors Targeting Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pharmacol Rev. 2018 Jan;70(1):39-67. doi: 10.1124/pr.117.014373. PMID: 29233848.
Barki N, Jenkins L, Marsango S, Dedeo D, Bolognini D, Dwomoh L, Abdelmalik AM, Nilsen M, Stoffels M, Nagel F, Schulz S, Tobin AB, Milligan G. Phosphorylation bar-coding of free fatty acid receptor 2 is generated in a tissue-specific manner. Elife. 2023 Dec 12;12:RP91861. doi: 10.7554/eLife.91861. PMID: 38085667; PMCID: PMC10715726.
Ruhnke N, Beyer AL, Kaemmerer D, Sänger J, Schulz S, Lupp A. Expression of free fatty acid receptor 2 in normal and neoplastic tissues. Exp Mol Pathol. 2024 Jun;137:104902. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104902. Epub 2024 May 23. PMID: 38788249.