Angiotensin Receptor 1 Antibodies

In humans, the gene encoding the AT1 receptor is located on chromosome 3. The AT1 receptor is ubiquitously expressed, including vascular smooth muscle, liver, kidney, heart, lung, adrenal cortex, pituitary and brain. Agonist binding to the AT1 receptor leads to the recruitment of heterotrimeric Gq/G11 proteins and/or adaptor proteins such as β-arrestin. Classically, the signal transduction mechanisms of the AT1 receptor depend on different effectors including phospholipase C (PLC) and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. The β-arrestin2 recruited to the AT1 receptor mediates activation of Ser/Thr kinases such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase spatially restricted to the cytoplasmic compartment. In rodents, the AT1A and AT1B originate from two closely related, but distinct genes are located on chromosomes 17 and 2, respectively. AT1A and AT1B receptors differ in 19 amino acids, mainly in the C-terminal region. The rodent AT1A and AT1B receptors are pharmacologically indistinguishable and have identical functional properties. Expression of AT1A and AT1B receptor genes are, however, differentially regulated. AT1 receptor desensitization, β-arrestin recruitment and internalization are regulated by phosphorylation of carboxyl-terminal serine331/threonine332 (pS331/pT332-AT1), serine335/threonine336 (pS335/pT336-AT1) and serine346/serine347 (pS346/pS347-AT1). This nomenclature refers to the human AT1 receptor. For more information on AT1 pharmacology please refer to the IUPHAR database. For further reading refer to:

de Gasparo M, Catt KJ, Inagami T, Wright JW, Unger T. International union of pharmacology. XXIII. The angiotensin II receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 2000 Sep;52(3):415-72. PMID: 10977869.

Alexander W, Bernstein KE, Catt KJ, de Gasparo M, Dhanachandra Singh K, Eguchi S, Escher E, Goodfriend TL, Horiuchi M, Hunyady L, Husain A, Inagami T, Karnik S, Kemp J, Thomas WG, Timmermans PBMWM, Tirupula K, Unal H, Unger T, Vanderheyden P. Angiotensin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE. 2019; 2019(4).