Chemerin Receptor Antibodies

The chemerin receptor family comprises chemerin receptor 1 (CMKLR1, also known as ChemR23) and chemerin receptor 2 (GPR1), two class A G protein-coupled receptors activated by the adipokine chemerin. Chemerin is secreted as a weakly active precursor, and proteolytic processing of its C-terminal tail generates forms with distinct receptor activities. CMKLR1 couples predominantly to Gi/o and recruits β-arrestins upon activation, whereas human GPR1 shows a preference for β-arrestin recruitment in several experimental systems. CMKLR1 is expressed in adipose tissue, vascular cells, and immune cell subsets, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. It mediates chemerin-directed immune cell migration and has been implicated in adipose tissue function and vascular regulation. GPR1 is also expressed in adipose tissue and has been linked to glucose homeostasis in animal models, although its physiological role is less well defined. The atypical receptor CCRL2 also binds chemerin and can present it to nearby CMKLR1-expressing cells without triggering conventional G protein signaling. Selective CMKLR1 antagonists such as CCX832 have been developed as research tools, and no chemerin receptor-selective drug is currently approved for therapeutic use.