Glucagon Receptor Antibodies
The glucagon receptor (GCGR) is a class B G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) that mediates the physiological effects of the peptide hormone glucagon, playing a central role in glucose and energy homeostasis. Pharmacologically, GCGR primarily couples to the Gs protein, stimulating adenylyl cyclase activity and increasing intracellular cAMP, which activates protein kinase A (PKA) and downstream transcriptional pathways that promote hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Secondary coupling to Gq and β-arrestin pathways has also been described, contributing to more complex signaling profiles. GCGR is most abundantly expressed in the liver, but lower levels are also found in the kidney, heart, adipose tissue, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and brain, indicating broader metabolic functions. Functionally, GCGR activation increases hepatic glucose output, enhances lipid mobilization, and promotes energy expenditure. In addition to its classical metabolic actions, glucagon signaling influences amino acid metabolism and thermogenesis. Pharmacological modulation of GCGR has been explored both through antagonists (for hyperglucagonemia in type 2 diabetes) and agonists, especially in dual or triple agonist therapies combining GCGR activity with GLP-1 or GIP receptor activation for obesity and metabolic disorders. However, balancing glucose-raising and lipid-modulating effects remains a therapeutic challenge. Overall, GCGR is a key node in integrated energy metabolism, with expanding relevance for metabolic disease intervention. For more information on GCGR pharmacology please refer to the IUPHAR database. For further reading refer to:
Mayo KE, Miller LJ, Bataille D, Dalle S, Göke B, Thorens B, Drucker DJ. International Union of Pharmacology. XXXV. The glucagon receptor family. Pharmacol Rev. 2003 Mar;55(1):167-94. doi: 10.1124/pr.55.1.6. PMID: 12615957.
Bataille D, Chan SL, Delagrange P, Drucker DJ, Göke B, Hills R, Mayo KE, Miller LJ, Salvatori R, Thorens B. Glucagon receptor family in GtoPdb v.2023.1. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology CITE. 2023; 2023(1).